Convenience sampling was used and only students who agreed to take part in this study were included. Methods: This cross-sectional study was done at CMH Lahore Medical College and Fatima Memorial Hospital Medical and Dental College, both in Lahore, Pakistan, from Decemto January 15, 2015. Our study delineates the relationship of ego defense mechanisms with anxiety, depression, and academic performance of Pakistani medical students. These mechanisms are important in psychiatric practice to assess an individual’s personality dynamics, psychopathologies, and modes of coping with stressful situations, and hence, to design appropriate individualized treatment. It had significant associations with several defense mechanisms.īackground: Ego defense mechanisms are unconscious psychological processes that help an individual to prevent anxiety when exposed to a stressful situation. There was a high prevalence of problematic use of internet among medical and dental students. Scores on internet addiction test (IAT) were negatively associated with sublimation and positively associated with projection, denial, autistic fantasy, passive aggression and displacement.
Males had higher scores on IAT i.e had more problematic use of internet. A total of 32 (6.1%) students reported severe problems with internet usage. Multiple regression analysis was used to delineate ego defenses as predictors of problematic internet use. Chi square, Independent sample t test and One Way ANOVA were run to analyze association of different variables with scores on IAT. The questionnaire consisted of three sections: a) demographic characteristics of respondent b) the Defense Style Questionnaire-40 (DSQ-40) and c) the Internet Addiction Test (IAT). 522 medical and dental students were included in the study. This cross-sectional study was undertaken at CMH Lahore Medical College (CMH LMC) in Lahore, Pakistan from 1st March, 2015 to 30th May, 2015. The present study was designed to analyze association between problematic internet use and use of ego defense mechanisms in medical students. It is the source of moral censorship and conscience. Whereas the id operates in pursuit of pleasure and the ego is governed by the reality principle, the superego bids the psychic apparatus to pursue idealistic goals and perfection. The superego is a further differentiation of the ego, which represents its ‘ideal.’ The superego emerges as a consequence of the Oedipal drama, whereby the child takes on the authority and magnificence of parental figures through introjection or identification. It is the center of reason, reality testing, and commonsense, and has at its command, a range of defensive stratagems that can deflect, repress, or transform the expression of unrealistic or forbidden drive energies. It is the ‘executive’ of the personality in the sense that it regulates libidinal drive energies so that satisfaction accords with the demands of reality. The ego is a modification of the id that emerges as a result of the direct influence of the external world.
It is a reservoir of basic instinctual drives, particularly sexual (libidinal) drives, which motivate the organism to seek pleasure. The id is the oldest and the most primitive psychic agency, representing the biological foundations of personality. Sigmund Freud divided mental life into three agencies or ‘provinces’ that is, id, ego, and superego.
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